Ch – 4 Maps

• A map is a representation or a drawing of the earth’s surface or a part of it drawn on a flat surface according to a scale.
• Different types of maps are:
  • Physical Maps
  • Shows natural features like mountains, plateaus, plains, rivers, etc.
  • Political Maps
  • Shows cities, countries, towns, states, etc.
  • Thematic Maps
  • Focus on specific information like roads, railways, rainfall, etc.

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• Components of Maps:
  • Distance
  • Distance between places is shown using scales.
  • Scale is the ratio between the actual distance on the ground and the distance shown on the map.
  • When large areas like continents or countries are to be shown on a paper, then we use a small scale.
  • When a small area like your village or town is to be shown on paper, then we use a large scale.
  • Large scale maps give more information than small scale maps.
  • Direction
  • There are four major directions: North, South, East, West. Also known as Cardinal points.
  • Other four directions North-East, North-West, South-East and South-West are known as Intermediate directions.
  • Compass is also used to find directions. Its needles always point to North-South direction.
  • Symbols
  • Certain letters, shapes, colours, pictures and lines are used to represent certain features like buildings, forests, water sources, etc.

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• A sketch is a drawing mainly based on memory and spot observation and not to scale.
• A plan is a drawing of a small area on a large scale.

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