Ch – 8 India : Climate, Vegetation & Wildlife

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Major Seasons recognised in India are:

• Winter Season ( December to February )
• Dry winds blow from north to south.
• Temperature goes down in northern India.
• Summer Season ( March to May )
• Temperature goes up.
• Hot dry winds known as ‘loo’ blow during the day.
• Rainy Season ( June to September )
• Winds blow from Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal towards the land.
• When moisture carrying winds strike mountain barriers, the rainfall occurs.
• Retreating Monsoon ( October-November )
• Winds move back from mainland.
• South India receives rainfall.

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Due to varied climatic conditions, India has a wide range of natural vegetation.

Vegetation of India can be categorised as:

• Tropical Rain Forest:
• Trees found – Mahogany, Ebony, Rosewood, etc.
• Found in – Andaman & Nicobar Islands, parts of North-Eastern states and a narrow strip of Western slope of Western Ghats.
• Tropical Deciduous Forests ( Monsoon Forests ):
• Trees found – Sal, Peepal, Shisham, etc.
• Found in – Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Orissa and in some parts of Maharashtra.
• Thorny Bushes:
• Trees found – Cactus, Babool, Keekar, etc.
• Found in – Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, eastern slopes of Western Ghats and Gujarat.
• Mountain Vegetation:
• Trees found – Chir, Pine, Deodar, etc.
• Found in – Mountains at height between 1500 metres and 2500 metres.
• Mangrove Forest:
• Main tree – Sundari
• Found in – Sunderbans in West Bengal and in Andaman & Nicobar islands.

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Wildlife:

• Tiger is our national animal.
• Peacock is our national bird.
• Asiatic lions are found in Gir forest, Gujarat.
• Elephants & rhinoceroses are found in Assam.
• Elephants are found in Kerala & Karnataka.
• Camels, Wild Asses are found in Great Rann of Kutch.
• Wild goats, Snow leopards are found in Himalayan region.
• Snakes like Cobras & Kraits are also found here.
• In order to protect forest, government have set up National parks, Sanctuaries & Biosphere Reserves.
• Government has also introduced projects like Project Tiger & Project Elephant to protect these animals.
• First week of October is celebrated as “Wildlife week“, to create awareness about conserving animals.

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